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・ River Hun
・ River Huntspill
・ River Hyndburn
・ River icebreaker
・ River Idle
・ River Ilen
・ River Ingol
・ River Ingrebourne
・ River Inny
・ River Inny, Cornwall
・ River Inny, Westmeath
・ River Irk
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・ River Irthing
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River Irwell
・ River Irwell Railway bridge
・ River Isbourne
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・ River Isla
・ River Isla, Moray
・ River Isla, Perthshire
・ River Island
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・ River Itapocu
・ River Itchen
・ River Itchen, Hampshire


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River Irwell : ウィキペディア英語版
River Irwell

The River Irwell ( ) is a long river which flows through the Irwell Valley in North West England. Its source is at Irwell Springs on Deerplay Moor, approximately north of Bacup. It forms the boundary between Manchester and Salford and empties into the River Mersey near Irlam.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Irwell's lower reaches were a trading route that became part of the Mersey and Irwell Navigation. In the 19th century, the river's course downstream of Manchester was permanently altered by the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal which opened in 1896. The canal turned Manchester and Salford into a major inland seaport and led to the development of Trafford Park which became the largest industrial estate in Europe. Further changes were made in the 20th and 21st centuries to prevent flooding in Manchester and Salford, such as the Anaconda Cut and the River Irwell Flood Defence Scheme.
The river became severely polluted by industrial waste in the Industrial Revolution, but in the second half of the 20th century a number of initiatives were implemented to improve water quality, restock it with fish and create a diverse environment for wildlife. Stretches of the river flowing through Manchester and Salford have attracted large-scale investment in business and residential developments, such as Salford Quays, and other parts have become important wildlife havens. The Irwell is used for recreational activities, such as pleasure cruising, rowing, racing and fishing.
==Course==
From its source to the confluence with the River Mersey the Irwell is about long. Rising on the moors above Cliviger, it flows south through Bacup, Rawtenstall, Ramsbottom and Bury before merging with the River Roch near Radcliffe. Turning west, it joins the River Croal near Farnworth before turning southeast through Kearsley, Clifton and the Agecroft area of Pendlebury. It then meanders around Lower Kersal and Lower Broughton. It bisects Salford and Manchester, joining the rivers Irk and Medlock, and then turns west toward Irlam, as part of the Manchester Ship Canal. Its course ends just east of Irlam, where it empties into the Mersey.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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